Essay on Media Has a Negative Influence on Children

The media is a part of everyday life in American kids. Children are surrounded by technology, entertainment, and other media that is full of violence. Newspapers, magazines, radio, television, and the internet all contain violence. Todays media has a negative influence on children. The media does have an influence on them, but does it really influence them to act out even though they know its wrong? Mass media, and its components, are very powerful and can influence ones mind, as well as their behavior. Children that imitate characters who use violence in the media and display aggressive behavior, tend to give them reason to believe that violence can happen without consequence. For children who grow up with poor adult examples or an†¦show more content†¦Video games are also another form of entertainment that can promote violence. Many children spent most of their time in front of a TV playing video games. Video games have become a more recent trend. Many games consist of cur sing, shooting, beating, and killing humans and monsters. The most games played are games that include killing and slaughtering other creatures and sports games that also have aggressive behavior. Video games have a stronger effect on children than watching television because the players take a direct and active task in the violence. The violence in these games can give them the idea that violence is an acceptable way to deal with problems. Fashion magazines are read by many teenagers. Magazines are full of images of bodies that are too perfect to be real, and teenagers see these pictures all the time. It can influence them to be like them and act like they do. Frequent readers of womens fashion magazines are more likely to have dieted or exercised to lose weight because of a magazine article. Television, music, video games, and other form of media are all things that are fun and sometimes educational for kids, but can be a bad influence on children, depending on the content. These all should be used to teach children how to solve problems and expand their mind, rather than teaching them to kill people and portraying someone negatively. The images and stories shown to children and teenagers make it difficultShow MoreRelatedMedias Influence on Children Essay1324 Words   |  6 PagesThe powerful media is considered a leading influence in our society both directly and indirectly. Media is available and readily accessible today more easily than ever. Printed materials, television, sound recordings, internet, and radio all fall under the umbrella of the big bad – or seemingly bad word – media. Is media bad? How is it controlled? And where does this all stem from†¦? These are some of the major concerns parents are faced with in raising children in today’s times. 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The most typical forms of media include video games, computer games and TV programs. It is an undeniable fact that media is very important in peoples daily lives. However, media brings negative influences on young students to some extent. In general, it effects their education, influence the wayRead MoreMedia and Its Affects1514 Words   |  7 Pages Buduson English 12 3/19/12 Entertainment and Social Media and their effects A nation like America is an example, of a country that has developed in terms of entertainment (Pearson 2). It is one of the countries that has got and has produced some of the greatest entertainers. The country is one of the leading producers of entertainment in the planet. In addition, it is one of the nations that there is a greater influence of entertainment on the younger generation. The effects of entertainmentRead MoreObesity : The Disease Of The 21st Century947 Words   |  4 Pagesare many factors in today’s society that contribute to this growing epidemic including media, technology and demographics. With the media having more influence over our daily habits now more than ever, it is extremely easy to slip into a lifestyle that will lead to weight related health issues. By examining the ways the media influences our daily lives, one can see that the media began as a bad influence for our unhealthy lifestyles and, that changes are being made to improve this impactRead MoreMedia Violence and Aggressive Behavior1277 Words   |  6 Pages Media Violence and Aggressive Behavior Monica Suzanne B. Castro #21856730 Submitted for SSC130BB: Essentials of Psychology January 25, 2014 Research project #05020500 Media Violence and Aggressive Behavior Introduction In the early 1960s Albert Bandura conducted his famous â€Å"Bobo Doll† experiments, in which children were shown videos of someone attacking a plastic clown known as a Bobo doll (Isom, 1998). Many of the children exposed to theseRead MorePeople are Obsessed with Social Media1679 Words   |  7 Pagescurrent generation is obsessed with media. You cannot walk anywhere without seeing teenagers, adults, and even kids using technology and social media. Everywhere you look there are ads to purchase the latest and greatest clothing, technology, or beauty products. Television standards have been lowered by the FCC and shows with explicit content have now taken over television leaving teenagers to idolize a lifestyle that is not to their best interest. But how does this media really affect us? What age is

Agricultural Genetic Engineering A Vital...

Agricultural Genetic Engineering; A Vital Biotechnological Tool Fascinating times we are currently living in. A rapid, consistently growing population creating gross demands for food is pushing our resources to capacity. Fulfilling the needs of the world s population is a monumental task. Limited arable land to cultivate and an ever changing climate has led to environmental degradation. At this rate of exponential human population growth, it is predicted to reach 9 billion people by 2050, however, â€Å"it is uncertain whether current agricultural practices will be able to feed the world† at that stage of growth. In the 1970s pioneering biotechnologies began paving the way to providing solutions to supply the world s food demands,†¦show more content†¦I am going to discuss whether this economically driven movement is going to bring larger scale issues in the future based on our current world agriculture status and predicted forecast, taking into account are these strategies socially, economically, and ethically feasible? Intensive GE efforts have been made to help protect crops from insects to improve their yield and quality. The majority of the world s crops are protected against the most significant insect pests. Natural resistance is the combination of complex factors of inherent genes and ecological resistance that have evolved over many years of plants being exposed to pests. However, thoroughbred crops are often grown in artificial environments that become susceptible to pest infestation. Moreover, often modern high intensive growth practices actually foster pest proliferation. Coincidentally by using chemical controls for insect pests has created a selection pressure for development of resistant insect populations but, in turn, has also reduced the populations of insect predators of pest species. At present natural mechanisms for plant resistance to insects is still an area that needs to be further understood. Currently, insect resistant crops have been developed through simplistic methods by producing transgenic plants with single genes encoding endotoxins of Bacillus thuringiensis. â€Å"Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insect resistant crops are one of the most astounding

Project Methodology Innovations and Visions for SME

Question: Discuss about the Report for Project Methodology of Innovations and Visions for SME. Answer: Methodology - definition Methodology is a set of processes and methods which are used for a particular task or activity. The role of methodology in case of project management is extremely significant in nature. Project management methodologies clearly define the phases that must be followed during the project timeline which aid in streamlining and organizing the project activities in a better way. These methodologies also make sure that the issues and conflicts are resolved in a timely manner and the project quality is never compromised. Project Methodologies There are a number of project management methodologies such as PMBOK, PRINCE2, Waterfall model, agile methodology and Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) and Projects in Controlled Environments (PRINCE2) are two very popular methodologies for Project Management. Both of these methodologies define the steps for successful management of the project and proceed in a step-by-step approach (Wideman, 2002). However, there are a number of differences between the two methodologies. PRINCE2 is a process based methodology and defines the role of every resource that is involved with the project whereas PMBOK is knowledge based methodology and mainly focuses upon the role of the Project Manager (PRINCE2 PROJECT MANAGEMENT PROFESSIONAL (PMBOK) COMPARISON, 2016). In PMBOK, Project Manager is held responsible for anything that goes wrong in the project such as budget overrun, schedule overrun, scope creep or any other deviation from the regular path. On the other hand, in PRINCE2, the Project Manager acts as a mediator between the project and the senior officials. All the concerns are reported by the Pro ject Manager to the control board who take a decision on the same and revert to the PM for executing the decision in the project ("PRINCE2 PMP (PMBOK) COMPARISON", 2013). Feasibility study or assessment is laid special focus in case of PMBOK which goes missing in PRINCE2 stages and is handled separately. There are also differences in the documentation volume and terminology between the two methodologies. For instance, Project Charter Document in PMBOK is referred to as Project Brief in case of PRINCE2. There are a different set of advantages and disadvantages that are associated with both PMBOK and PRINCE2. The choice of methodology depends upon the needs of the organization and a number of different factors such as project type, project client, project duration and likewise. Project life cycle and project methodology Project Life Cycle (PLC) includes a number steps such as starting of the project, initiating the project, controlling stage, managing the project delivery, managing stage boundaries and closing of the project. Planning and directing activities run in parallel with all of these six steps. PRINCE2 is closer to the stages that are defined in the PLC. PRINCE2 is a process based approach that makes use of eight different stages that are broadly defined with the first one being starting of the project. Stage one involves preparation of project brief and selection and appointment of the project management team. Initiation stage includes refining the business cases and risks and setting up of project controls along with planning the project quality. Planning phase involves creation of the project plan, scheduling and estimating along with analyzing the risks. Directing and controlling stages revolve around the tasks of authorizing the sub-activities and assessing the progress. Acceptance, ex ecution and delivery of the work packages are done in the stage of managing product delivery. The next phase includes management of the stage boundaries. The last stage that is closing of the project includes identification of the follow up activities and evaluation tasks (Relationship between the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) and PRINCE2, 2016). PMBOK, on the other hand does follow the steps or stages that are defined in PLC but deviate a little from the standard pattern of the same. The projects that are managed as per the phases of PMBOK begin with initiation phase that includes execution of the feasibility study or the assessment on the project. Planning phase defines the scope of the project along with cost estimation and schedule estimation for the project. Activity definition, activity planning and resource planning is also done in the planning phase. Facilitation processes involve quality planning, staff acquisition, communications planning, risk assessment and procurement planning. The next is the execution phase which involves team development, scope verification, quality assurance and contract administration. The controlling phase that comes next in the list involves performance reporting and overall change control associated with the project. The change control will include the changes that are done in the project cost, project schedule, project scope and risk responses. The last phase is the closure phase which includes contract close out and administrative closure. References PRINCE2 PMP (PMBOK) COMPARISON. (2013).RobyScar - innovations and visions for SME. Retrieved 9 August 2016, from https://robyscar.com/2013/03/12/prince2-pmp-pmbok-comparison/ PRINCE2 PROJECT MANAGEMENT PROFESSIONAL (PMBOK) COMPARISON. (2016).https://www.hilogic.com.my/. Retrieved 9 August 2016, from https://www.hilogic.com.my/prince2-pmp-pmbok-comparison/ Relationship between the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) and PRINCE2. (2016).https://www.ppi-int.com/. Retrieved 9 August 2016, from https://www.ppi-int.com/prince2/prince2-pmbok-relationship.php Wideman, R. (2002).Comparing PRINCE2 with PMBoK(1st ed., pp. 2-4). Canada. Retrieved from https://www.maxwideman.com/papers/comparing/comparing.pdf [

Describe and Evaluate the Multi-Store Model of Memory free essay sample

Describe and Evaluate the Multi-Store Model of Memory The multi-store model of memory (MSM) is an explanation of the process of memory. Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin first illustrated the multi-store model, in 1968, it explains how we hear, see and feel many things but only a small number are remembered and other aren’t. There is strong evidence of three different stores suggesting that the basis of the MSM is reliable. However there has been some criticism of the MSM, most importantly that the supporting research are not entirely valid.For example, memory research usually relates to semantic memory, which would relate to everyday memory activities, yet not all aspects of memory can relate to this. A strength of the MSM is that there is evidence to indicate the duration of the sensory store was collected in a study by Sperling (1960). Participants saw a grid of digits and letters for 50 milliseconds. They were either asked to write down all 12 items or they would hear a tone immediately after the exposure and they should write down al the letters of that row. The findings showed that their recall was poorer than when asked to give one row only. This theory supported the MSM’s idea that information decays rapidly in the sensory memory store. The original multi-store model is highly criticized for a number of reasons, however the main criticism of the MSM is its oversimplification of the structure and process of the human memory. The multi-store model is too simple and fails to reflect the complexity of the human memory. The MSM fails to explain how some information can enter the human brain without being rehearsed.For instance a student can study for an exam for hours and still not remember the info but can read a magazine once and remember all the info. This relates to Craik and Lockhart’s (1972) proposal of a different model to explain lasting memories; they suggested that enduring memories are created by the processing you do, rather than through maintenance rehearsal; things that are processed more deeply are more memorab le just because of the way they are processed – ‘elaborative rehearsal’ which a deeper or more semantic analysis. Later in 1977, Glenberg et al showed that maintenance rehearsal does have some effect on creating enduring memories but not as much as elaborative rehearsal. Scoville and Milner (1957) conducted studies about different areas of the brain involved in different types of memory from studying individuals suffering with brain damage. One case involved a man referred to as HM. The damage of his brain was caused in an operation to remove the hippocampus from both sides of his brain to reduce severe epilepsy.HM’s personality and intellect remained the same however he could no longer form new long-term memories but could retain memories he had before the surgery. This study suggested that the hippocampus acted as a memory ‘gateway’ through which new memories have to pass through in order to be retained in the long-term. The MSM suggests that short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM) operate in a single uniform manner, whereas the Working Model of Memory proposed b y Baddeley and Hitch (1974) showed that short-term memory is more that just one simple store and consists of different components. Evidence for a non-unitary STM came from the case study of KF by Shallice and Warrington (1970). KF suffered brain damage, which resulted in difficulty dealing with verbal information in STM but has the normal capability to process visual information, thus suggesting that STM is not a single store. In the case of LTM, the MSM describes it as one single store however this probes questions such as how can memorizing how to play a computer game, what we did yesterday etc are all stored within a single, long-term memory store.Schachter et al (2000) suggested that there are four different components of LTM; semantic memory, episodic memory, procedural memory and perceptual-representation memory (PRM). Spiers et al (2001) studied into the memory of 147 patients suffering with amnesia, in all cases their procedural memory and PRS were the only two of the four components intact, thus concluding that LTM is not unitary. Another strength of the MSM is the theory that there are separate stores in the memory which are linked to STM and LTM, and specific areas of the brain.Modern forms of scanning the brain allow images to be captured of activities of the brain, thus enabling us to see what region of the brain is active when a person is doing particular tasks. Research found that the prefrontal cortex is active when individuals are working on a task in short-term memory (Beardsley, 1997) whereas the hippocampus is active when long-term memory is engaged (Squire et al, 1992). Another weakness of the MSM is that it suggests that STM is involved before LTM. Yet according to Logie (1999) STM actually relies on LTM and therefore cannot come ‘first’ as suggested by the MSM.Ruchkin et al (2003) demonstrated this theory by asking a number of participants to re-call a set of words and pseudo-words (words designed to sound like a real word but with no meaning). Throughout the experiment , brain activity of the participants was monitored and the findings concluded that there were large differences in the two conditions. The evidence showed that there was much more brain activity than if the words and pseudo-words just involved STM, the real words involved much more activity in other areas of the brain. Ruchkin concluded that STM was m erely part of LTM which is activated at any given time.

The concept of Being by Heidegger

Introduction The concept of Being is as old as being itself. Heidegger, one of the greatest philosophers, attempts to ascertain the meaning of Being. In his work, he employs the term Dasein to explain the existence of being. His argument plays a key role in philosophy as it attempts to pose the question of the meaning of being.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The concept of Being by Heidegger specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This ‘question’ forms a fundamental role in formulating Heidegger’s concept of meaning of being. It should be noted that the term ‘question’ is emphasized in Heidegger’s work. This is because he uses it to track the truth of being. Being an ontologist, his work concentrates on replenishing the question of ontology. He argues that this matter has created a huge problem especially to the western philosophers. The problem, according to him, is the question of being. It is however notable that although it appears his argument seems to concentrate on the question of being; he makes a plausible attempt to explain the nature of philosophy. According to him, he views philosophy as an ontological seeking as opposed to ontic. Heidegger’s argument therefore opens up the concept of philosophy to ‘questioning’ in an attempt to understand the meaning of being. He further uses his ‘question’ philosophical approach to describe the existence of being and coming up with the fundamental presuppositions adopted to explain being. This paper will therefore examine the important question of being as articulated in Heidegger’s work. The author of this paper will also revolve around the ontological composition of the world and its contribution to the question of being. The Concept Of ‘Being’ Heidegger’s philosophy of ‘being’ is an ontology that seem to focus on self philosophical con sciousness of man. According to him, the question of being has been neglected and forgotten. He continues to argue that this very question greatly contributed to the works of Plato and Aristotle. This assertion cannot be taken to mean that no other philosopher has questioned the meaning of being since the contribution of the two philosophers. Rather, this assertion has been interpreted to mean that most philosophers have concentrated on exploring the nature of beings and not the ‘being’ itself. According to Heidegger, he maintains that that he is the only philosopher who has attempted to examine the primary question that has been neglected by all other western philosophers. According to his school of thought, he purports that the question of being has been prejudiced and deemed as unnecessary. He therefore comes up with three presuppositions that he believes have contributed to such prejudice and to which he refutes. First, the proposition that ‘Being’ is t he ‘most universal concept’.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He asserts that â€Å"an understanding of Being is contained within our every apprehension of beings.† In his argument, he brings to fore the philosophical arguments by other philosophers such as Aristotle and Hegel hence coming up with the conclusion that the concept of Being is not a universal concept, but rather vague and obscure. This argument attempts to bring out the ontological distinction between Being and beings. The philosophical approach by Thomists and Hegel seem to incline towards the idea that Being and beings should not be unified. This therefore creates an implication that if the two concepts cannot be treated as one, then it would be difficult to define the universality of ‘Being’. Further, it becomes hard to comprehend the terms that govern ‘Being’ as the †˜most universal concept’. Heidegger best approaches this contentious issue by asserting that it is difficult to come up with a precise definition of ‘Being’. According to him, â€Å"The concept of Being cannot be understood as a being, and Being cannot be depicted as predicating beings to it.† The implication created is that the question of being goes beyond logic. This means that it must surpass the normal way of analyzing things. It is not in doubt that most western philosophers have concentrated entirely on beings as opposed to Being. This makes it difficult to rely on their formulations hence making it vital to adopt a different approach. It is also important to note that Heidegger does not render their formulations useless but rather as unreliable. Thirdly, he debates on the notion that being is the self-evident concept. The use of copula (is) regularly in the day to day language in an attempt to discuss beings. It is therefore arguable that most phi losophers seem to comprehend the concept of ‘being’ but nevertheless dismiss it as ‘unintelligible’. From this, it can be inferred that an appeal to the concept of self-evident should be dismissed as a ‘doubtful process’ as it is solely based on one’s analytical features. Based on the above ‘dogmas’ laid down by Heidegger, it is apparent that the question of Being has not been adequately addressed by philosophers and as Heidegger puts it, ‘the meaning of Being is still veiled in darkness.† What then is ‘Being’? From the above argument, it is important to first formulate the question in order to come up with an appropriate answer. This simply means that it would be difficult to rely on any Supreme Being to comprehend the source of Being. The answer should be sought elsewhere. This is because the question of being is constituted in the entities of the Being. The basis of examination therefore lies in t hese very entities that need to be interrogated in order to establish the appropriate answer.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The concept of Being by Heidegger specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Theoretical Observation The existence of Dasein proves to be the underlying principle in Heidegger’s works that describe the concept of ‘Being’. By exploring the existence of Dasien in its actual form and its continued survival in everyday life, Heidegger simplifies the quest to understand the meaning of Being as a whole. In his argument, he refutes the authenticity of the declaration pertaining propositional facts in a bid to understand Being. He views such propositions as being sightless and secluded. Further, he argues that they do not possess any form of truth construed in the logic of ‘agreement’. According to him, it is necessary for Dasein to recognize itself based on its existence a nd the possibility of Being as it is. The possibility of existence is fully dependent on the form assumed by Dasien itself. This means that it is up to the Dasien itself to determine its existence depending on the possibility it has assumed. In essence, the experiences of our everyday life play an integral role to either apprehend or disregard the possibilities that aids our understanding of existence. Another theoretical observation is in regards of Dasien’s existence in a ‘world’. The existence in the ‘world’ is not by choice. According to Heidegger, Dasien’s existence in the world is not out of free will but rather living ‘as it is’. This means that Dasien has to adapt to the things that are attached to the world. Further, the world is special to each Dasien. The Dasien is therefore attached to the world and describes itself in relation to this world. This therefore explains the reason why beings develop a habit of getting ensn ared to the world. In fact, the daily existence results to the Dasien focusing on the current worldly activities hence forgetting to view ‘Being’ as it really is. This leads to the human beings being estranged from their true-selves. How then is the authentic Being exposed to us in order to understand the existence? What decisive entity of Being is revealed in order to unveil the true nature of Being? According to Heidegger, the answers to these questions depend on time or temporality. In his school of thought, he recognizes the importance of time to project the meaning of Being. Each Being emerged from somewhere and after its present existence, it will surely have an end. It is therefore of importance to note that the existence is based on time. Further, our present existence means that we have not fully existed. This therefore defines our Being. However, it should be understood that the everyday occurrence of Being just before death is not conclusive. It is only when we meet the ultimate death that the authentic Being is revealed. He refers to this concept as ‘the ontological possibility.’Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In expanding his idea of Being, he infers that ontology must assume some form of distinction. That is to say that a distinction between something and nothing need to be formulated. Being and time therefore examines the ontological importance that governs Being’s existence. According to Heidegger, consciousness is therefore important as it poses a challenge to humans to live freely in order to live as a whole. In the actual sense, man appears to be bound yet he is exposed to all manner of freedoms. It is for the man to ascertain where he should derive his freedom from. It is also apparent that the phenomenological method is clearly evident in Heidegger’s argument. This is particularly evident in his insistence of being and time. It is for this reason that Heidegger attributes his philosophical success in his work to Edmund Husserl, one of the most successful phenomenologists of all time. Accordingly, his question of Being constitutes an enormous analysis in the phenomen ological custom of Dasien, who in itself seeks being. How then does Heidegger apply the concept of phenomenology to come to his conclusion? The concept of phenomenology is traced to Kant who attempted to differentiate between ‘phenomenon’ and ‘noumenon’. Hegel also applied the concept in assessing the growth of the human spirit whereby he criticized Kant’s philosophy of the two world’s dichotomy. The term was also coined by Husserl to explain his philosophy of ‘eidetic reduction’. It is therefore not a new methodology adopted by Heidegger to explain his own ‘hermeneutic phenomenology’. His methodology lays down the process that merely describes the existence of human beings and their everyday experiences. He attempts to create synchronization in the contradicting terms of existence that result from hermeneutic phenomenology. According to him, he distinguishes his phenomenology from other sciences. This, he attributes to the fact that his phenomenology concentrates more on the superficial resemblance of human society hence approaching the ontology Being as it is. Positive Response To Heidegger’s Argument Based on the above argument, it is important to note that Heidegger’s argument can be said to be tenable. First, his assertion that every Dasien decides his mode of existence can be approached at different levels. It is not in doubt that the definitive certainty existence supersedes intellectual existence. It is therefore personalized and internalized. It is for this reason that it is appropriate to state that man’s existence is based on certain decisions. Failure to make such decisions renders the failure as a decision itself. It therefore becomes important for the temporary nature of life to be emphasized in order to prepare and anticipate our looming death, which is bound to happen at any minute. And how do we define death? While scholars assert that man is conscious of hi s own death, Heidegger’s philosophical argument is that man acquires the meaning of life upon facing the truth of his own transience. This philosophical approach is therefore upheld. In essence, death has been said to be man’s crucial problem. Further, the ontological prominence embedded on temporality is important to reverberate Kant’s argument that the constraint in time is a prerequisite for things to materialize as they are. If the argument is to be approached on the two philosophical arguments, then it would be imperative to say that Heidegger’s argument on temporality acquires an idiosyncratic twist. He disregards the notion of infinite time as one that presents itself at the moment of existence. It can therefore be argued that temporality is a combination of the past, present and future sequences of time that are essentially interlocked. Fundamentally, the question of Being surrounds itself on being and time as proposed by Heidegger. It therefore r emains the basic question in the field of philosophy. Heidegger tackles this question by examining the existence of Dasein. This should not be taken to mean that his focus on Dasien obstructs a clear comprehension of Being. His transcendental methodology that enlightens the priori stipulations on the basis of which Being is viewed as gifted is therefore appreciated. Heidegger also tries to explain the concept of death. It is not in doubt that every Being will cease to exist. He argues that each Being is entitled to his own death. Death cannot be shared with another Being. It is therefore non-relational. The argument tendered by Heidegger is valid in that no one can evade death. The argument therefore creates a very significant concept for the philosophers in an attempt to answer the question for Being. Conclusion The basic work of Heidegger is a contribution to the question of existence of man. His argument has attempted to tackle the question of Being by introducing Dasein. In our discussion above, our Being is determined by the existence of Dasien. Heidegger also challenges his fellow western philosophers to concentrate on the concept of Being, rather than concentrating on the nature of beings. This is because the concept of Being supersedes the nature of beings and should therefore be prioritized. He also formulates a methodology to tackle the question of being. According to his argument, this question of being forms the basis of all other inquiries. Heidegger can therefore be regarded as the ‘builder’ of tradition due to his massive contribution to philosophy through his hermeneutic phenomenology. This essay on The concept of Being by Heidegger was written and submitted by user Everett Cain to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Free Speech and Internet

Internet: An Unrestricted Global Media Should it be illegal to publish literature with "indecent" content on the Internet but perfectly legal to publish that same work in print? This question has spawned the debate over Internet censorship, which is currently raging in the United States Congress as well as in other political forums around the world. The question as to whether the Internet should be censored will continue to be debated for many years to come. As with any political topic, the debate over Internet censorship has its extremes. Many proponents of Internet censorship want strict control over this new information medium. These proponents suggest creating laws for the Internet similar to those now in place for television and radio. Those strongly opposing Internet regulations, such as the Citizens Internet Empowerment Coalition (CIEC), assert that the Internet is not like a television and should not be regulated like one. Both sides base their respective arguments on how they view the new information mediu! m. Though the laws that Congress is proposing to regulate the Internet are well intentioned, I strongly believe that the Internet should not be censored. Any law encroaching on the people's right to free speech is an obvious breach of First Amendment rights and because laws limiting Internet speech are too broad and unenforceable on this global medium. Today's youth has the ability to look up a variety of materials on the Internet. One source of heated debate is the availability of bomb recipes on the Internet. Should people be allowed to publish these instructions on such a public forum, or should the government, instead, step in and regulate? Some argue that since the government already censors television and the print media, it should take steps to censor the Internet as well. Censorship is an extremely sensitive issue. It infringes upon the First Amendment rights of an individual. Some people, however, feel that th... Free Essays on Free Speech and Internet Free Essays on Free Speech and Internet Internet: An Unrestricted Global Media Should it be illegal to publish literature with "indecent" content on the Internet but perfectly legal to publish that same work in print? This question has spawned the debate over Internet censorship, which is currently raging in the United States Congress as well as in other political forums around the world. The question as to whether the Internet should be censored will continue to be debated for many years to come. As with any political topic, the debate over Internet censorship has its extremes. Many proponents of Internet censorship want strict control over this new information medium. These proponents suggest creating laws for the Internet similar to those now in place for television and radio. Those strongly opposing Internet regulations, such as the Citizens Internet Empowerment Coalition (CIEC), assert that the Internet is not like a television and should not be regulated like one. Both sides base their respective arguments on how they view the new information mediu! m. Though the laws that Congress is proposing to regulate the Internet are well intentioned, I strongly believe that the Internet should not be censored. Any law encroaching on the people's right to free speech is an obvious breach of First Amendment rights and because laws limiting Internet speech are too broad and unenforceable on this global medium. Today's youth has the ability to look up a variety of materials on the Internet. One source of heated debate is the availability of bomb recipes on the Internet. Should people be allowed to publish these instructions on such a public forum, or should the government, instead, step in and regulate? Some argue that since the government already censors television and the print media, it should take steps to censor the Internet as well. Censorship is an extremely sensitive issue. It infringes upon the First Amendment rights of an individual. Some people, however, feel that th...

Project -litterature review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Project -litterature review - Essay Example Epstein focused much of her work on homework practices and home-school education, including how parents can monitor and assist at home (Epstein, 1983). The literature review will describe the benefits of parental involvement in terms of achievement of their children at school. In this chapter I will look at successful programmes such as Every Child Matters and Sure Start, models of parental involvement, relations between staff and parents, preparation of children academically, parenting techniques and the link with achievement, and conclude with the summary. The involvement of parents has been effectively linked with children’s academic achievement throughout their time at school. The early years in school can be an exciting and emotional period for children and their parents in meeting the staff in school. Families, like teachers, create homes that promote learning, and reinforce what is being taught at school, and build the values and skills children need to become responsible adults (Henderson, 1995). Most children will take time to settle as it will be difficult to form new bonds of attachment with the staff. As for parents, it will give them the opportunities to talk, discuss many issues surrounding their children as well as to express their wishes and expectations. Abbott et al (1989) claim a parent has a positive interest in, and expectations of, the school which their child attends. To help children take this new experience in their stride, many schools including the school where I work now offer home visits to the families before the child starts school. This will help to build a sense of confidence and a chance to find out more about what to expect and how the school staff will deal with a child who needs time to settle in a new environment. The National Association of Head Teachers (1988), defining and describing a home-school contract of partnership states that this model

Hair. William Faulkner Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hair. William Faulkner - Essay Example His detachment from the events narrated allows him to be a compassionate and sensitive commentator, whose views we feel we can trust, even though Faulkner misleads us at the end. He seems to understand Hawkshaw's attachment to the girl, and even treats her premature sexual adventures with sympathy rather than disgust: "nature don't pay any attention to systems, let alone women paying any attention to them I say she couldn't help herself. It wasn't her fault" (133-4). The story is in three parts, the second explaining the first by retreating in time, and the third bringing about the dnouement. Hawkshaw is presented as an isolated figure in a community, which the critic Joseph Reed identifies as being a key motif in Faulkner stories. "Faulkner without a group is without a point of reference essential for his most effective narrative" (Reed, 20). The group varies from story to story; it can be a family, or a particular social grouping, or, as in Hair, a whole town. Hawkshaw is quietly kind to the girl, and is so self-effacing that when he insists that "I'll tend to her", Maxey tells the narrator "that was the first time he ever heard him speak positive about anything" (132). The girls' growth is captured with fine economy. She walks "fast like little girls do", then makes friends at school and passes "not looking toward the window at all" (132), so that Hawkshaw's devotion to her is already under threat. Soon "she got grown fast" (133) and she is h itching up "the regular simple gingham and such dresses that a thirteen-year-old child ought to wear" (134). Hawkshaw has given her presents, including the doll which he "never told" anyone about (133), but it seems to be clear to everyone that his interest in her is not unhealthy. It is appreciated that there is a genuine love in his attitude, which is respected by the others. When the men talk of how she has gone to the bad, "it was while Hawkshaw was not there" (134), and when Maxey does voice his crude suspicions - "Any old man that will fool with a young girl, he's pretty bad" - Matt's comment is a reprimand: the reason is a moral one, "he thinks she is too young to receive jewelry from anybody that aint kin to her" (136). Part II fills in Hawkshaw's past, and lets us a little way into his true thinking, showing that his interest in the girl must be serious, heartfelt and deeply human. He had married the Starnes daughter, showing a real devotion to her and her welfare, learning barbering and going off to work in Birmingham, "Rode part of the way in wagons and walked the rest, coming back each summer to see the girl" (138). He spent all his savings on her father's funeral, and then started saving again for the marriage. He acted out of mature devotion. The narrator cannot convey Hawkshaw's grief when she dies. We only have the immensely touching detail of the picture and the lock of hair, which "both got lost, the hair and the picture, in the mail somehow" (139). He devotes himself then to serving her memory in the only way he can, by paying off the mortgage on the parents' house and returning every April, as on a pilgrimage, to clean it The April "vacation" is utterly essential to him, like a religious observance. At previous employers' he had given up his job

News Article on Helicopter Deaths in Afghanistan War Essay

News Article on Helicopter Deaths in Afghanistan War - Essay Example The exact number of US soldiers who died is not known, as the US military has not confirmed it, but the news sources reported the number at either thirty or thirty-one. There is some confusion as to exactly how the helicopter really crashed. The helicopter was involved somehow in an attack on a Taliban compound in Wardak Province of the country, but it is not clear how active a role this played in its crashing. According to the New York Times, the helicopter was â€Å"shot down †¦ after a night raid† (Rivera, Rubin, & Shanker). The BBC also says that the helicopter was returning from an attack of some sort, but does not specify the cause, simply stating that it â€Å"went down† and noting that NATO was still investigating the reasons (BBC). Al Jazeera reports a source as saying that â€Å"the helicopter was apparently taking off from a roof of a building during this operation when it then crashed,† although they note that the Taliban was quick to claim they had shot it (Al Jazeera). The three news articles cover this event very differently, both in terms of what related material they discuss and in terms of the language they use to talk about the event. Of the three, the BBC article seemed to be the most neutral both in tone and in its coverage. The headline of this article was â€Å"US special forces Afghan helicopter 'downed' by Taliban† (BBC). ... So, for example, instead of just saying the helicopter was shot down by Taliban, it notes that â€Å"Reports say the Chinook helicopter was shot down by the Taliban† (BBC). By always making a note of its sources and that some statements may not necessarily be correct, the article sounds neutral and does not really take sides or try to make you assume something about the events it reports on. What is also interesting about the BBC article is the range of people it talks to for its information. It does not just get all of its information from American sources, or all of its information from ones in Afghanistan. Instead, there is a more or less even mix of the two, with quotes not only from US Officials and Afghan government officials, but even from the Taliban and just ordinary residents of the area. The version of events that comes out of all this is one in which nobody is really sure exactly what happened yet, and it is implied that we should take what everybody is saying with a grain of salt. The language in the article is also very passive, such as â€Å"An increase in US troop numbers last year has had some success combating the Taliban in the south of Afghanistan, but attacks in the north, which was previously relatively quiet, have picked up in recent months,† (BBC) which leaves off who increased the troops or attacked and does not take sides. In contrast to this, the New York Times article comes down very strongly on the side of the Americans. This is not surprising as it is an American paper. Unlike the BBC article, which starts of by simply stating what has supposedly happened, this article begings with the phrase, â€Å"In the deadliest day for American forces

Business Strategies Of Mc Donalds Marketing Essay

Business Strategies Of Mc Donalds Marketing Essay The main objective of a business strategy is to provide superior value, differentiation, and core competencies for a company that has clear missions, goals and objectives that are important and necessary to the strategic formulation of a company. The mission is a quality definition of who the company is and what it expects to accomplish, further defined by goals and objectives. Goals are directly linked with the mission and are general statements of desirable outcomes. Objectives are goals or purpose with specific targets and time periods. We will further discuss in detail of how these missions, goals and objectives are so important in the formulation of Business strategy. Strategic management The way in which employees are managed to maximize the potential of achieving business objectives is called Strategic Management. It has a very positive impact on a business and can significantly improve its growth only if Strategic management is effectively used. It is all about formulating strategies and the key to making it work for the business. McDonalds McDonalds is the leading global foodservice retailer with more than 31,000 local restaurants serving more than 58 million people in 118 countries each day. More than 75% of McDonalds restaurants worldwide are owned and operated by independent local men and women primarily selling the world some of its favorite foods World Famous Fries, Hamburgers (Big Mac, Quarter Pounder, etc), Chicken McNuggets, Egg McMuffin, milkshakes, hot drinks, desserts and most recently also offer salads and fruits. Their rich history began with our founder, Ray Kroc. The strong foundation that he built continues today with McDonalds vision and the commitment of our talented executives to keep the shine on McDonalds Arches for years to come. The History of McDonalds The McDonalds restaurant chain of today began its humble beginnings in a renovated barbecue car-hop restaurant in San Bernardino, California by two brothers, Richard and Maurice McDonald. Dick and Mac left their Manchester, New Hampshire home and headed to California for work after graduating from high school. Mac and Dick borrowed $5000.00 and opened a barbecue drive-in close to a high school in 1940. They hired attractive carhops and offered a menu of 29 items. Business boomed. Families came for the low prices and teens came to check out the carhops. By 1947, the restaurant was losing business. Families were getting more concerned about their finances and the teens seemed to be more interested in hanging out than in purchasing food. Dick and Mac took notice of these changes in clientele and noticed hamburgers made up 80% of all food sales. They decided to close the restaurant and reorganize. The restaurant was reopened in mid December of 1948 as the first self-service, assembly line, and drive-in offering 15 cent hamburgers, 19 cent cheeseburgers, 20 cent malts and 10 cent fries. By 1952 the business was booming. The brothers had purchased 8 mixers for their milkshake production and ordered two more. This purchase caught the attention of the owner of the Multi-mixer, Ray Kroc and changed the history of McDonalds. Ray noticed that this hamburger stand continued purchasing from him and he decided to go check it out. Ray was very impressed with the McDonald brothers self service concept and their booming business that now included a few franchises. He made a proposal to expand their business across the country with himself supplying the Multi-mixers. The brothers were not interested in becoming so large but did agree to give him exclusive rights to the McDonald system. Kroc opened his first franchise in Des Plaines, Chicago in 1955 and subsequently sold 18 more in the first year. He collected 1.9% of gross sales and turned in 0.5% of that to the McDonald brothers. He was barely breaking even in this arrangement, until he met Harry Sonnenborne, who encouraged him to lease or purchase the property for all future McDonald franchises. The operators would pay him either a monthly rent or percentage of their gross sales, whichever was greater. Kroc created a 75 page manual outlining the specifics of running a McDonalds to ensure all restaurants had the same cleanliness standards, the same amount of meat in each hamburger, the specifics for cutting and preparing French fries. The McDonald brothers resisted these changes and many arguments ensued. In 1960, Ray Kroc convinced Dick and Mac McDonald to sell the legal rights to him for 2.7 million dollars. At the time of this transaction, the chain had more than 200 restaurants. In 1990, after public outcry concerning cholesterol, McDonalds switched from beef tallow to pure vegetable oil in their french-fries. In 2006, McDonalds began a design Forever Young in all their restaurants using the traditional yellow and red colors and adding olive and sage, using more brick and wood with less plastic. With the vision of two brothers and the marketing strategy of one high school drop out, McDonald Corporation has grown to be the favorite fast food restaurant to millions of customers in more than 100 countries around the world. Business Goals, Objectives and Mission McDonalds S.M.A.R.T objectives Market share objectives Market share can be achieved within a specified period of time if objectives are set accurately Increasing profits objective is to increase profits or percentage of sales for a certain period of time. Survive Current/present hard times the business is in. Growth Business objectives may state growth by 15% year on year for the next 5 years ahead. Increasing brand awareness over a certain period of time. Mission Statement A mission statement is a brief and to point representation of a company or organizations purpose for existence. It is a formal document that states the objectives of a company or organization addressing concept like moral/ethical position of the company, public image, target market, etc. McDonalds Aims and Objectives Having great concerns bout the organizations customers. Being socially responsible for the companys welfare. Serving high standard and quality food with quick and outstanding service all along with great value for money. Maintain a good and friendly environment. McDonalds vision is to be the worlds best quick service restaurant experience. Being the best means providing outstanding quality, service, cleanliness, and value, so that we make every customer in every restaurant smile. McDonalds is known through out the world for their commitment to inclusion and diversity not only with their employees but with their franchises and suppliers. Core Objectives of McDonalds The core objective and mission of McDonalds is to be the worlds premier consumer product organization mainly focusing on convenient fast foods. They practice producing financial rewards to their investors hence providing opportunities for growth and enrichment for their employees, business partners and for the communities in which they operate. They strive for Honesty, Fairness and integrity in everything they do. McDonalds responsibility is to continually improve all aspects of the world in which they operate   environment, social, economic   creating a better tomorrow than today. Their main vision is put into action by a series of programs focusing on environmental stewardship, activities to benefit society and their commitment to building shareholder value by making McDonalds a truly sustainable company. Values and Principles of McDonalds. Core value is customer experience McDonalds is alive because of their customers and they demonstrate their appreciation by providing them with high quality products and services in a clean and welcoming environment, with great value for their money. Commitment to their people the key to their continuous success is them providing opportunity, nurture talent, developing leaders and reward achievement. Through their experience they believe that a team of well trained individuals with diverse backgrounds and experiences, working together in an environment that fosters respect and drives high levels of engagement. Believing in the McDonalds system their foundation is based on their business model depicted by the three-legged stool of owner/operators, suppliers and the employees and their balance of interest among the three group is key. Operation of business ethically At McDonalds, business is run to high standards of fairness, honesty and integrity, individually being accountable and collectively responsible. Giving back to their communities They help their customers build better communities, support Ronald McDonald House Charities, scope and resources to help make the world a better place. Growing the business profitably As McDonalds is a publicly traded company, they work continuously to provide sustained profitable growth for their shareholders. Continuously striving to improve Through constant evolution and innovation, McDonalds aims to anticipate and respond to changing customer, employee and system needs. Stakeholder Analysis It is a technique adopted by organizations, used to identify and assess the importance of key people, groups of people, or institutions that may significantly influence the success of their activities or projects. This technique can either be used alone or with team members involved. Significance of a Stakeholder Analysis.

BaBar Experiment :: Chemistry Science Scientific Essays

BaBar Experiment Abstract I investigated the L = 1 mesons D*2(2460)0 and D1(2420)0 using data gathered by the BaBar detector at Pep-II. The decay process of these particles is interesting because it could serve to confirm or deny certain predictions made by HQET models. Thus far, the data gathered rougly conforms with measurements made by the CLEO and ARGUS collaborations. The data is still preliminary, however, and as such this paper should be considered merely a summary of the work done thus far. 1 Introduction 1.1 The BaBar experiment The BaBar detector at Pep-II was designed to study B mesons produced in asymmetric e+e- collisions. \Asymmetric" refers to the fact that the colliding electrons and positrons have different energies. This gives the resulting particles momentum in the laboratory reference frame, allowing their lifetimes to be measured even if they carry away most of the collision energy. In the current run at Pep-II, electrons are stored in one ring at 9 GeV and positrons in the other at 3.1 GeV. This sets the collision energy right at the T(4S) resonance, a short-lived combination of a bottom quark and its antiquark. This decays preferentially into a pair of mesons B and B|hence the name of the detector. Mesons are short-lived systems made up of a quark and an anti-quark; Bs are mesons in which one quark is a bottom (or an anti-bottom) and the other is a light quark (up, down, strange, or their corresponding antiquarks). The BaBar detector is optimized to measure the decay process of these B's as precisely as possible. It is hoped that differences between the B and the B decay processes will be uncovered and measured, which will lead to a better understanding of CP symmetry violation. \CP violation" describes an event that breaks the so-called Charge{ Parity symmetry. For a time, it was believed that if matter and antimatter were interchanged (hence, Charge) and if right and left were reversed (Parity), systems would behave in an identical manner. This symmetry has since been found to be broken in certain kaon decays, and it is suspected that further violations will be discovered in B decays. Note that if time is reversed as well as charge and parity, then the system will behave in an indentical manner; this is known as CPT symmetry, and is required for Lorentz transformations. It is hoped that learning more about events that violate the \broken" CP symmetry will shed some light on the relative scarcity of antimatter in the universe.

Human Service Agencies Essay

Human service agencies are formed by and for the public. As communities grow and change, the need to respond to the demands of these dynamic societies also increases. Not only does the society lay itself open to positive opportunities, it is also exposed to the negative drawbacks of this dynamism. In fact, there are so many social issues that individuals alone cannot resolve. These are matters concerning the society that need sufficient and appropriate attention also from the society. These agencies do serve as intermediaries between solutions to problems and individuals, families, and societies. There are many issues that individuals, families and societies have that need communal action. I believe that these important issues include the most rampant problems nowadays encountered by people. Even the simplest problems like underage alcoholism, drug dependence, compulsive gambling, widespread crimes†¦ these are social issues that need immediate attention. Issues starting in individuals or within families also necessitate consideration. Some of these are problems of child and women abuse, violence within and outside families, severe and persistent illnesses, including contagious ones, severe emotional disturbances experienced by people, and the like. I think, these ‘simple’ matters must be acted upon immediately by service organizations like human service agencies. This is to mediate and assure proper assistance to individuals and families, thereby assuring their safety, peacefulness, health and wellness, and the society’s as well. I also believe that there are no least important issues, as long as individuals or families, or members of the society are involved, they are considered issues that must be resolved†¦ immediately. I arrived at this standpoint because I myself am a member of this society. Directly or indirectly, I rely and I may rely in the future in these human service agencies for betterment, improvement, protection and the like. And I must not be concerned only about myself but also about the welfare of the whole society.

Personalized general health assessment Essays

Personalized general health assessment Essays Personalized general health assessment Paper Personalized general health assessment Paper Scientific and social changes of the 21st century have brought as radical change in the Health care delivery system (Patricia A Potter, 2005). The Healthcare profession has evolved through time to establish a firm role in the medical domain based on strong ethical, moral and professional principles. The healthcare practices have undergone a positive shift from that of a vocation to a professional status today and is ‘accountable’ today. Healthy People 2010 contain comprises of 467 objectives that clearly identify specific measures to monitor health in the first decade of the 21st Century (cdc.gov). Each objective comprises a statement of intent, a baseline value for the measure to be tracked, and a target to be achieved by the year 2010. The objectives are organized into 28 specific areas, each representing an important public health problem. PERSONALIZED GENERAL HEALTH ASSESSMENT General Health Assessment: 1.Personal Wellness Score: As of 03/29/2007 for Titilayo bakre; Personal wellness score is 84 against the achievable wellness score of 100. The results of the assessment are based on patient’s answers compared with U.S. average scores for people of the same sex, age and lifestyle habits. This is then compared to the highest possible score to arrive at the patient’s wellness score. A wellness score of 84 indicates moderate risk and that the patient might already be experiencing health problems. Thus, it was time to start making changes following the recommendations in this report to get her health back on track.

Letter of Recommendations

Letter of Recommendations Letter of Recommendations The letter of recommendation for any position or a promotion is to give an overall assessment of the candidates potential in excelling in the new position. In other words, the letter of recommendation is the support the candidate professional promise depending of the assessment that was done in the previous position that the candidate held. The importance of the recommendation letter is to give and highlight on the key and important areas of the student that will only show his strengths and the fitness for the position. The letter of recommendation should be well typed, clear and precise. The following qualities make the letter look more profession and well organized and this is what most recruiters look for in the letter. Is the letter focusing on the applicant? The letter of application should concentrate on the applicants capabilities and promise of his fitting to the next position. Description of the applicants record; The letter of recommendation should highlight on the performance of the applicant in his former position as this will give a hint on how well equipped he is for the next position. The letter of application should contain an overall record of the accomplishments of the applicant for this will enable the recruiter assess the capability of the applicant. The letter of recommendation should also portray characteristics that will support the applicant through giving the recruiter an easy way to predict the potential growth of the applicant. The letter of recommendation usually consists of three main parts, the introduction, assessment and recommendation or conclusion. Introduction part gives a general highlight of the applicant while the assessment gives the data or evidence of the capability of the applicant. The recommendation part recommends the applicant in the new position through the support of the assessment.

Ancient Greek Athletics of Pentathlon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ancient Greek Athletics of Pentathlon - Essay Example As the Greek term pentathlon suggests, in the Ancient Greek pentathlon, athletes competed in five items which included a wrestling competition, a sprint item or a race the length of the stadium, long jump, discus throw, and javelin throw. Some significant questions arise in this background. Why were there no individual events for discus, javelin and long jump in the ancient Olympics Why were these events limited to the combined pentathlon event The answers to these questions lead one to the ultimate conclusion that the different items of the pentathlon were not just some sports events, but rather they are very distinctly linked to the social and cultural systems of the Greeks which gave primary importance to the development and the progress of the citizens. All these competition items were opportunity for the Greek valiant men for expression of their sheer quality. This Ancient Greek athletics were very much part of the Greek tradition and through the epic tradition of the Greeks one can find examples of their pertinent importance in their culture. The real importance of these athletic competitions may be measured on the basis of the question of prestige and the glorification of the athletes in the pentathlon. To the mighty Greeks, who was the prime most race of the world in their age, pentathlon presented with an opportunity to express their greatness as a prestigious groups or a particularly important people. It may be argued that while these competitions provided the Greeks with an opportunity to achieve personal glory and might in a culture which ranked excellence of physical strength and valor, there has been greater value to these athletic items in the preservation of the state's interest which is, of course, the well being and advancement of the citizens who are benefited from the physical effort they invest in pentathlon. However, the more significant value of the pentathlon was that the events aimed at the overall progress of the Greeks contributing to its rich cultural and social systems. Pentathlon consists of five items - Discuss (Diskos), Javelin (Halma), Long Jump (Akon), Running (Stadion) and Wrestling (Pale). These items were linked to the progress of the individual and they are related with the social and cultural systems which emphasized the glorification of individuals in every sphere. Thus, the events were performed together rather than individually. "The Olympic games were not proving grounds for real combat The games were more symbolic, religious, and entertaining. Unlike hoplite, team-style warfare, the ancient Olympics were individual sports which allowed an individual Greek to win glory." (Gill). There are myths about the pentathlon which establish Jason, the leader of the Argonauts, as the originator of pentathlon. In the year 708 BCE, pentathlon became an Olympic event. It was in the 18th Olympiad that the pentathlon was introduced. The events in pentathlon ensured the developments of the chief skills of the individual which make one national hero and the example of Odysseus who was successful in every event in the pentathlon proves this social as well as cultural focus of the pentathlon. The role of pentathlon in arousing the national pride and prestige of the Greeks has its testimonies in the epics of the Greeks. Thus, in the Homer's Odyssey, one finds evidence of pentathlon

The economics system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

The economics system - Essay Example With the advancement in the technological and environmental aspect, the nations are involving in better means of production and distribution to earn competitive advantage in the global scenario. The concept of the economic system is elaborated as the system of production and trade of goods and/or services in a community. The overall economic system includes individual, organisation, sectors and end users of a society or in general, it is often referred as the mode of production. Moreover, economics is identified on a wider concept, which is sub-divided into the two aspects i.e. micro and macroeconomics. Microeconomics focuses on demand and supply of products and/or services in the markets in relation to the change in the price level. On the other hand, macroeconomic dimension includes the relationship of the aggregate variables including the purchasing power, price income and money (McConnell et al., 2009). The study of the overall economic system comprises both the micro and macro economy of a nation or a particular community at large about how firms and various agencies are linked among each other, how the communication information flow between the them and the social relationship in the economic system. Thus, in larger and boarder term, it comprises various processes that are followed within a geographical region in the production, distribution and circulation of labor for producing products and/or services, machineries, consumer goods and infrastructure among others. Moreover, the economic system of one nation varies with other nations due to differences in the political structure, culture and environmental conditions. In this regard, the point will be justified with the fact that Chinese economic system is comparatively very complex as compare the western nations’. The economic system consist of both capitalistic and socialistic aspects and the global economic system falls in four main

Organizational Turnover And Relationships to the Distribution of Dissertation

Organizational Turnover And Relationships to the Distribution of Information - Dissertation Example It is evident from the study that it is expected that every business will face organizational turnover. This is based on gaps in the workflow, changes which alter the way in which many work and developments required for business growth. The responses by workers create different responses and levels of motivation as well as empowerment that lead to turnover rates. It may also lead to the organization deciding to take a change in the human assets which are used within a company. Even though organizational turnover is expected, the production of a company may have difficulties with the changes. Each of the employees in a company is considered an asset because of knowledge and production. If the turnover continues to increase with new employment, then it becomes similar to losing the assets of the company. The rate of turnover that occurs in a company is linked to the level of empowerment from the organization, the organizational environment, and elements that are associated with the dyn amics of the workforce. The importance of turnover rates also creates a question of what an organization should do to decrease the rate. There are specific changes which are required to change the rates of organizational turnover, specifically so human assets continue to assist with the increase of production and growth within an organization. It is noted that knowledge distribution is a main factor that contributes to organizational turnover rates. ... .......31 Population, Sampling and data Collection Procedures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..32 Validity – Internal and External†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.........32 Data Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.........33 Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦33 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..34 Chapter 1: Introduction It is expected that every business will face organizational turnover. This is based on gaps in the workflow, changes which alter the way in which many work and developments required for business growth. The responses by workers create different responses and levels of motivation as well as empowerment that lead to turnover rates. It may also lead to the organization deciding to take a change in the human assets which are used within a company (Fix, 2006). Even though organizational turnover is expected, the production of a company may have difficulties with the changes. Each of the employees in a company is considered an asset because of knowledge and production. If the turnover continues to increase with new employment, then it becomes similar to losing the assets of the company. The rate of turnover that occurs in a company is linked to the level of empowerment from the organization, the organizational environment, and elements that are associated with the dynamics of the workforce. The importance of turnover rates also cre ates a question of what an organization should do to decrease the rate. There are specific changes which are required to change the rates of organizational turnover, specifically so human

The critical thinking Essay Example for Free

The critical thinking Essay With the intention to test the critical thinking ability of the people, the focus will be to ensure that everybody who took part in the test understood it. This allows all respondents to answer the questions based on how they are able to interpret what they have read. Nelson’s use of a write up gives an opportunity for each respondent to analyze the passage, understand it and respond to it. This supports Facione, Facione and Giancarlo’s measurement of reliability by the use of paper and pencil method to conduct the test (2000). Also, the use of elementary vocabulary gives a large number of people the opportunity to participate in this test at the same time. A content-related validity clearly shows in its result. According to Facione et al, there are no restrictions to the content on which the test can be based, (2000), the focus therefore, will be on the items that are used in the test. In this test, Nelson was able to develop thirty two (32) items with which he conducted the test. Based on the fact that Nelson wanted a wide range of people to understand the test and also respond appropriately, he used basic vocabularies. This, in essence, made it possible for people to be tested, not according to their language skills but according to their critical thinking ability. Hence, the criterion-related validity is established. In the use of a 32 multi-choice questions wherein there are more than one correct answers, Nelson gave respondents the opportunity to think outside the norm. The implication of this is that each respondent has to be certain about the answers. The comparison of different tests does not have a direct correlation with the content of the test because the items in consideration were not detailed. Detailed information of the items in consideration could have given the test comparison a more valid result. REFERENCES Facione, Peter A. , Santa Clara University; Facione, Noreen C. , University of California San Francisco; Giancarlo, Carol A. , Santa Clara University. (2000). The Disposition Toward Critical Thinking: Its Character, Measurement, and Relationship to Critical Thinking Skill. Informal Logic, 20(1), 61-84

Democracy Rising? Essay -- International Politics

Since America's tragedy on September 11, 2001 the Middle East has been the epicenter of international attention. Cries for democracy and freedom in the region have permeated the western media. When Iraq was found to be devoid of the Weapons of Mass Destruction, bringing democracy to the country became the new reason for the war. Nearly every first world country in the world is a democracy if not in name then in practice. It would be forgivable to think that democracy is the cause of wealth, civil liberties, and all the things associated with first world countries, for there is almost no wealthy nation today that is not a de facto democracy. However while democracy is undoubtedly a tremendous invention of mankind and works well in many nations that, does not mean it is universally correct and should be applied to every nation in the world. For if democracy were forced upon many Middle Eastern nations it would not be a harbinger of increased civil liberties, wealth, and peace, b ut a step towards secular extremist regimes, far less friendly to each other and the west than their moderate authoritarian predecessors. In the early nineteenth century after world war one, the Ottoman Empire collapsed. It encompassed much of the middle east and Arab world, the League of Nations, a group of imperialist western nations which had fought on the winning allied side during the war had grand intentions of preventing future wars. However some of their actions are credited with directly leading to the second world war. One of their mandates that would have grim consequences for future generations was ratified in the Treaty of Lausanne of 1923, this treaty effectively divvied up the middle east into new colonies for the victorious Eu... ...rative Political Studies 43.11 (2010): 1442-1470. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 7 Dec. 2010. Falk, Richard. "America's Pro-Iraqi Neutrality." Nation 231.13 (1980): 398-401. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 7 Dec. 2010. Guida, Michelangelo. "The New Islamists' Understanding of Democracy in Turkey: The Examples of Ali Bulac and Hayreddin Karaman." Turkish Studies 11.3 (2010): 347-370. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 7 Dec. 2010. Tibi, Bassam. "Islamism and Democracy: On the Compatibility of Institutional Islamism and the Political Culture of Democracy." Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions 10.2 (June 2009): 135-64. Print. Weiffen, Brigitte. "The Cultural-Economic Syndrome: Impediments to Democracy in the Middle East."Comparative Sociology 3.3/4 (2004): 353-375. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 7 Dec. 2010.

Crushing the Native Americans

After the Civil War, Indians inhabited almost half of the United States. White Americans were urged to move west and settle, not taking regard that Native Americans already lived there. By the late 1800s most Indians had lost their land and had been driven onto reservations. Eastern Indians had already been forced to the west. A number of tribes weren't cooperative with moving onto reservations and changing their customs. This caused many battles between whites and Native Americans.During the Gold Rush of 1849, a lot of Native Americans were killed by white disease and minors burning their villages. These events were significant because they contributed to an up rise between white Americans and Indians. On November 29, 1864, Colonel John M. Chivington led an attack on the Cheyeane and Arapaho. They killed and scalped men, women, and children. I believe this was important because it showed the disregard for the tribes and how ruthless the whites were against them, but also warranted a treaty. The Fetterman massacre that took place in December 1866 was a big part of theSioux War of 1865-1867. Red Cloud, the Sioux Chief, lured Fetterman's army into an ambush and wiped out all of them. This took place again because of gold rush invasion and only shows the results of someone trying to take another's homeland. http://www. indians. org/articles/native-american-indians. html The Native American Indians were forced out of their homeland, resulting in many issues and events including the Trail of Tears. Most of them eventually converted to the European way of life by dressing the same and changing their religion to Christianity.

Kodak and Fujifilm

Kodak and Fujifilm Kodak and Fujifilm are well known companies in the households in the United States and across the world. Few people know the actual history of both companies and the competition they have been in over the years. It’s an interesting history on how both companies started and how they have developed and challenged each other over the years. George Eastman, who was the founder of Kodak, started his business career as a 14-year old boy when he had to quit school and work to support his mother and two sisters. Mr.Eastman had a gift for organization and management while his lively and inventive mind made him a successful entrepreneur by his mid-twenties. What sparked the idea of a simple camera was that his coworker suggested he make a record of his vacation to Santo Domingo. As a result, he became absorbed with photography and wanting to simplify the photography process. Eastman started Kodak in 1880 and built it on four basic principles: mass production at low co st, international distribution, extensive advertising, and a focus on the customer.Later on he added the following policies: foster growth and development through continuing research, treat employees in a fair, self-respecting way, and reinvest profits to build and extend the business. Mr. Eastman started the company by manufacturing dry plates for sale to photographers. One mishap almost shut down the company when dry plates that were sold went bad. Eastman came up with a quick solution to recall the bad plates and replace them with a good product. His quick thinking saved the company and the company’s reputation.Mr. Eastman began experiments that focused on the use of a lighter and more flexible support than glass. He began advertising to the public to look out for a new product that will prove an economical and convenient substitute for glass dry plates for outdoors and studio work. Once he started perfecting the transparent roll film and the roll holder, Eastman realized he would have to reach out to the general public and amateur photography. The Kodak camera debuted in 1888. They developed the slogan â€Å"you press the button, we do the rest. Kodak made the process of taking and developing pictures easy and accessible to nearly everyone. Kodak has led the way with a plentitude of new products and processes that makes photography simpler, more useful and enjoyable. The company Kodak has grown to be is known not only for photography but also for images used in leisure, commercial, entertainment and scientific applications. They are constantly developing technology to combine images and information which is creating the potential to greatly change how businesses and people communicate.Eastman’s goal was to make photography â€Å"as convenient as the pencil† while Kodak is continuing to expand the ways images touch people’s lives. Kodak continues to rank as a premier multinational corporation and with a brand that is recognized in nearly every country. Kodak has been involved in technological innovation throughout the motion picture industry as well as the health imaging industry, document imaging, printing and publishing, and space exploration. Mr. Eastman believed employees should have more than good wages. He believed that worker’s goodwill and loyalty contributed to the prosperity of an organization.Eastman started the â€Å"Wage Dividend† in which each employee benefited from the yearly dividend on the company stock above his or her wages. The wage dividends represented a large part of the company’s net earnings; the wage dividends were viewed as an innovation. To show even more appreciation to his employees, Eastman gave one-third of his own holdings of company stock to his employees. He also provided them with a retirement annuity, life insurance and disability benefit plans. (History of Kodak) Fujifilm was established in 1934 in Japan.Fujifilm has established itself as a leader in in the motion picture photography, videotape, audio tape and floppy disc industries. The company is also involved in still cameras, camcorders, photofinishing equipment, paper and chemicals, imaging and information products for office and medical use markets. The company first started out producing motion picture film, dry plates and photographic paper. It was hard to develop brand recognition at first partly because of the competition with Eastman Kodak. Because of this, Fujifilm focused on improving the quality of the products it developed.Since the company was focused on the quality of the products, it developed its first film product and a motion picture negative film which proved to many in Japan that Fujifilm was technically proficient in the motion-picture industry. After World War II, Fuji was able to begin exporting film and optical products to South America and Asia. The postwar boom was a great advantage to Fuji with the demands for new products to be developed. One d ownfall for Eastman Kodak but an advantage to Fuji was when Kodak agreed to let Fuji produce black and white amateur roll film during 1952 and three more black and white roll film products by 1958.The company became the number one manufacturer of consumer films in Japan. Because of the agreement with Kodak this opened doors for Fuji and they were able to make more export agreements and opened sales offices in other countries, including the United States. (Photography Type – The History of Fujifilm, Part I, 2010) Fujifilm still had to overcome two major challenges: Eastman Kodak and Fujifilm’s reputation for below-par film product. Fuji tackled the challenge of film product and developed film and paper that was compatible with the processing systems mostly used worldwide.In 1969 all of their films, photo paper and chemicals completely matched the processing systems. They saw a significant upsurge in their exports. The other challenge was going head to head with Kodak wh ich they took on full-force. When Fuji entered the US market, it introduced a cartridge-film eight-millimeter home movie system. Kodak retaliated with introducing their system which swept Fuji aside and took control of the world market. The market started to notice that Fuji’s film was faster than Kodak’s and produced warmer tones.Fuji advertised making sure amateurs and professionals knew the difference while Kodak continued to concentrate on the beginner/amateur consumers. In 1972, Fuji marketed a film in the US with their name on it. Fuji gained its first significant market share with this product. To try and stay ahead of Kodak, Fuji had to develop, manufacture and market equivalent products quickly before Kodak released new products. By 1980, Fuji was the third largest film producer and stayed competitive by increasing its prices a lot less than the other manufactures.The also took advantage of the growing consumer demand for audio and videotapes. Their early mark eting to amateur and professionals paid off since many amateurs wanted to shoot pictures with high quality film. This boosted Fuji’s status to the second largest film manufacturer. A major advantage Fuji had was researching electronic technology before Kodak. Fuji beat Kodak out for a 1984 Olympics sponsorship which was a huge breakthrough for Fuji. Fuji also took full advantage of the untapped market of disposable cameras. They sold 1. million cameras in 6 months which took them to the top as the number one global camera manufacturer in 1992. Fuji introduced the first digital camera in 1988 which was a historical moment in the camera industry. Fuji has been an innovative competitor since the start of the company. (Photography Type – The History of Fujifilm, Part II, 2010) Kodak failed to grasp the importance of the complex environmental changes that were occurring in the industry. They didn’t react fast enough to stay as the leading company in the industry and Fujifilm took advantage of that.While Kodak had the technological skills to develop products, their rigid leadership culture prevented them from adapting with the changes taking place. Kodak had the â€Å"mentality of perfect products, rather than the high-tech mindset of make it, launch it, fix it. † Fujifilm embraced the changes that were occurring in the photographic market. They diversified through acquisition and changed its business model to conquer digital photography with a commitment to innovation and new technologies. Fuji showed a technological discontinuity by developing the first digital camera.This shows they are innovative and creative in their thinking and think ahead of what is happening in the industry. (Integrated Company Analysis, 2009) One major management concept that has impacted both Fuji and Kodak are their marketing strategies. While Kodak was focused on marketing to amateur photographers, Fuji took it a step beyond and focused on amateurs and profes sionals. This has had a huge impact on both companies. Kodak is focused on positioning itself as providing user-friendly products while the quality of some of their products contradict that claim.This has kept Kodak from advancing as they should have while Fuji has seen a huge benefit from their marketing strategy. I view Fujifilm as a prospector since they think outside of the box and look at what is needed in the future. Kodak started out originally as a prospector but has turned to be a reactor. Kodak is at the point where they are developing products in response to products being released from their competitors, mainly Fujifilm. I believe that Kodak needs to look at their current situation and assess what they need to do to become more profitable again and rebuild their reputation.I can see Kodak using the retrenchment strategy for the redevelopment of the company. One action that leaves it questionable about Fujifilm’s ethical approach is when Kodak filed a complaint wit h the United States that Fuji was blocking their products from entering the Japanese market. Looking at the situation, it could be the Japanese government that had the ethical and social responsibility for these actions. The blocking of Kodak entering the Japanese market maintained the Fujifilm’s profits while it stopped potential revenue for Kodak.Even if the Japanese government would let Kodak sell its products in Japan, the Japanese citizens would most likely still purchase Fujifilm since that is the product that they recognize and are familiar with. Kodak over the years has slowed down it’s adaptation to the market condition changes. When Mr. Eastman was in charge, the business stayed ahead of the industry and adapted well. As the years have gone by that situation has changed to where Kodak reacts after changes have been made. Their reactions are to produce a product so fast that it makes inferior products, which has affected Kodak’s reputation in the indust ry.Fujifilm adapts well to the change in the market conditions. In fact, they are in the forefront of anticipating what is needed next by the consumers. One way a company should build in flexibility is to have openness. Company executives need to be open to new ideas, information sources, and roles. Typically companies stick with the routine processes and don’t consider ideas that may be suggested by people and other sources outside of the company. Some companies are not receptive to ideas that are internally suggested by their own employees either.In order to prosper and advance, company executives need to be able and willing to take ideas and suggestions into consideration. Another way to build in flexibility is the processes of decision making. Companies need to analyze how and if their decision process works. They need re-examine the assumptions that bring the decision to a given point. Executives also should refine their plans according with the brief feedback they recei ve. Companies have to be careful not to develop a competitive inertia where they are reluctant to change their current strategies because they want to keep their current processes which have been successful so far.A third way is to develop a shadow strategy task force. Companies need to analyze themselves and determine what their weaknesses are to be able to make adjustments to strengthen them. One way to look at your weaknesses is to think like your competitors and try to determine how the company can be exploited for competitive advantage. The company should have a wide range of employees on the task force to provide opinions, suggestions and information instead of the task force being only executives.Companies can learn a lot from researching Kodak and Fujifilm’s history. Their history shows how strong companies can be and the bumps in the road they encounter by not adapting to change and competition. There is definitely a lesson in what to do and what not to do as you are building your company and making it stronger throughout the years. References: 1. History of Kodak. Retrieved November 5, 2012, from http://www. kodak. com/ek/US/en/Our_Company/History_of_Kodak/Imaging-_the_basics. htm 2. Photography Type – The History of Fujifilm, Part I (2010).Retrieved November 5, 2012, from http://www. photographytalk. com/photography-articles/1682-photography-tipthe-history-of-fujifilm-part-1 3. Photography Type – The History of Fujifilm, Part II (2010). Retrieved November 5, 2012, from http://www. photographytalk. com/photography-articles/1686-photography-tipthe-history-of-fujifilm-part-2 4. Integrated Company Analysis – Kodak. Fall 2009. Wisconsin School of Business. Retrieved from http://business. library. wisc. edu/resources/kavajecz/09%20Fall/kodak_rep. pdf

Free Essays on The Influence Of Age,gender,extraversion And Experience On Performance Of Aspatial Computer Game.

The influence of age, gender, extraversion and experience on performance of a spatial computer game. Computer games are a popular pastime. Their Psychological impacts have recently become of interest to Psychologists. This is partly due to their nature, popularity and increasing accessibility via the internet. Over the current years, their Psychological impacts have received a rather negative evaluation. Links to aggression are particularly well documented. The general consensus here is games violent and aggressive in nature may facilitate the provocation of aggressive thoughts and possibly actions. (Frindte and Obwexer, 2003; Carnagey and Anderson, 2004; Uhlmann and Swanson, 2004 and Gentile, Lynch, Linder and Walsh, 2004). Recently, the more positive aspects of game playing have been highlighted. Experience of computer games has been suggested to influence the development of certain cognitive skills. For instance, McClurg and Chaille, (1987), reported participation in a computer based mental rotation task, significantly improved participants ability to successfully complete a spatial ability measure. Gender and age did not significantly influence this. More recently, a similar study found this improvement to be greater in participants who were previously classed as possessing relatively weak spatial skills. Gender was found not to influence this. (Subrahmanyam and Greenfield, 1994, cited in Cocking and Greenfield, 1996, p95-114). Both these findings suggest games incorporating spatial awareness may be educationally useful for developing these skills in those whose ability is poor. Yuji, (1996), investigated the effects of past game experience on parallel processing skills using a computer based discriminatory perceptual task. The reaction time of participants with a history of game use was significantly faster, particularly with regards to colour discrimination. Conclusions suggested ex... Free Essays on The Influence Of Age,gender,extraversion And Experience On Performance Of Aspatial Computer Game. Free Essays on The Influence Of Age,gender,extraversion And Experience On Performance Of Aspatial Computer Game. The influence of age, gender, extraversion and experience on performance of a spatial computer game. Computer games are a popular pastime. Their Psychological impacts have recently become of interest to Psychologists. This is partly due to their nature, popularity and increasing accessibility via the internet. Over the current years, their Psychological impacts have received a rather negative evaluation. Links to aggression are particularly well documented. The general consensus here is games violent and aggressive in nature may facilitate the provocation of aggressive thoughts and possibly actions. (Frindte and Obwexer, 2003; Carnagey and Anderson, 2004; Uhlmann and Swanson, 2004 and Gentile, Lynch, Linder and Walsh, 2004). Recently, the more positive aspects of game playing have been highlighted. Experience of computer games has been suggested to influence the development of certain cognitive skills. For instance, McClurg and Chaille, (1987), reported participation in a computer based mental rotation task, significantly improved participants ability to successfully complete a spatial ability measure. Gender and age did not significantly influence this. More recently, a similar study found this improvement to be greater in participants who were previously classed as possessing relatively weak spatial skills. Gender was found not to influence this. (Subrahmanyam and Greenfield, 1994, cited in Cocking and Greenfield, 1996, p95-114). Both these findings suggest games incorporating spatial awareness may be educationally useful for developing these skills in those whose ability is poor. Yuji, (1996), investigated the effects of past game experience on parallel processing skills using a computer based discriminatory perceptual task. The reaction time of participants with a history of game use was significantly faster, particularly with regards to colour discrimination. Conclusions suggested ex...